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 Comprehensive Guide to Managing Autism - 24

Mercury Poisoned.

Due to the high dosage of mercury in vaccines (187.5 mcg in first six month’s vaccines), and the inability of these children to excrete metals normally, they probably have heavy-metal poisoning with mercury, and aluminum (also in the vaccines), as well as arsenic, cadmium, antimony, nickel, and lead. These heavy metals not only affect the brain, but mercury impairs the functioning of enzymes that have sulfur and hydrogen (-SH) at the end of the molecular chain. These include glutathione, lipoic acid, and Coenzyme A. These toxic metals also impair the enzymes sulfite oxidase and cysteine dioxygenase interfering with sulfur oxidation, creating a lack of sulfate. Many people who are mercury toxic are sensitive to foods that are high in sulfur, which includes all dairy products and most green vegetables. We fret about the heavy metals in vaccines, yet we allow the kid to drink from aluminum cans! The Environmental Protection Agency requires that public water have less than 50 ppb [Parts Per Billion] of aluminum, yet canned beverages contain as much as 6,160 ppb! 

The PST children, having the least urinary thiols (sulfurs) and thus the least capacity to excrete heavy metals, especially mercury, are most poisoned by these vaccines! Low excretion of mercury may be due to low glutathione levels and low sulfation common to these PST kids. Please have the GSH-status and sulfation status tested, and if those are low, it explains your low excretion levels, and can also mean that you actually have very high levels of mercury accumulated. If that is the case, then you need to get your GSH-levels up and your sulfation pathways repaired and back on line. Then, if you succeed with that, your excretion levels may become huge for a while, provided there are enough nutrients, especially thiols available, and that sulfur metabolism is working right. 

One study showed mercury was still gassing off ninety days after painting with latex paint: “These data demonstrate that potentially hazardous elemental mercury exposure may occur even in homes recently painted with indoor latex paint that contains mercury concentrations less than 200 mg/L.”—Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1991 Jul;21(1):62-4. Environmentally safe household products and paints can be had from AFM at www.nontoxic.com/nontoxicpai, (800) 968-9355. Melalucca, Shaklee, and Neways also carry the nontoxic household and personal care products that make a difference in the health of the entire family. 

Paresthesia, or abnormal sensation, tingling, and numbness around the mouth and in the extremities, is the most common sensory disturbance in Hg poisoning, and is usually the first sign of toxicity (Fagala and Wigg, 1992; Joselow et al., 1972; Matheson et al., 1980; Amin-Zaki, 1979). In Japanese who ate contaminated fish, there was numbness in the extremities, face and tongue (Snyder, 1972; Tokuomi et al., 1982). Iraqi children who ate mercury-poisoned bread experienced sensory changes including numbness in the mouth, hands, and feet, and a feeling that there were “ants crawling under the skin.” 

Methyl Mercury (MeHg), like cadmium, binds to sulfhydryl groups on cysteine, which may compromise the function of enzymes and ion channels. MeHg also interacts with DNA and RNA, resulting in reductions in protein synthesis. Metallothioneins (MT) are a group of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that bind a variety of metal ions. Zinc is probably the most important nutrient that protects the body against mercury and cadmium, for zinc can induce protective levels of metallothionein even before the body is exposed to cadmium. Copper can do this as well, but to a lesser extent. A search will turn up more than 600 references to inositol and metallothionein as well (caffeine depletes the body of inositol, so no soft drinks or coffee!). Zinc, copper, and manganese can all interfere with the absorption of cadmium. Iron, ascorbic acid, and protein also can reduce the absorption of low levels of dietary cadmium. Calcium and thiols like cysteine reduce the toxicity of oral cadmium.  

One of the greatest effects of cadmium and mercury is that they deplete selenium in the body because selenium is essential for their removal. Selenium atoms combine with cadmium and mercury atoms and escort them out of the body via the bile system. When selenium is depleted by cadmium and/or mercury, there is less selenium to form the deiodinase enzymes that convert T4 to T3, resulting in low T3 and hypothyroidism. Also there is less selenium to form glutathione peroxidase, one of the body’s prime antioxidants. 

Many have expressed the fear that continued supplementation of vitamin B12 and TMG would change systemic mercury to methyl mercury, its most toxic form. Methylation of mercury does not occur at a physiologically relevant rate in mammals according to Mr. Andy Cutler, Chemist, and PH.D. Methylation in general, he says, will benefit about 80-90% of the people, but the rest need to avoid it. People with problems who need more will usually have some of the classic signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency (like a smooth, shiny tip of the tongue). 

“(Edited) In this study, we have examined the effect of mercury as an inducer of oxidative stress, and the resultant effect on ß-Amyloid (Aß) production and phosphorylated tau levels in neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these effects are reduced and/or reversed by the pineal indoleamine melatonin.  

“A 24-hour exposure to 50 µg/L mercury induced significant cell cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Treatment of cells with melatonin before administration of mercury greatly reduced the mercury-induced cytotoxicity. Mercury treatment of cells produced another as yet undocumented phenomenon, that of inducing oxidative stress, as measured by the loss of reduced glutathione (GSH) from cells. This was a rapid process, requiring only 30 minutes of exposure to mercury. Similarly, pretreating the cells with melatonin...before administration protected cells from the mercury-induced oxidative stress. Melatonin’s mechanism of action is at present unclear; however, melatonin is known to bind heavy metals (Limson et al., 1998REF15) and to increase intracellular GSH levels through an up-regulation of GSH-synthesizing enzymes (Todoroki et al., 1998REF3). It is thus possible to speculate on two mechanisms for melatonin’s antioxidant action, namely, (a) melatonin as a chelating agent binding mercury, thus eliminating its cytotoxic properties, or (b) melatonin causing production of increased levels of intracellular antioxidants such as glutathione (Todoroki et al., 1998REF30). It is not excluded that both these mechanisms could be operating simultaneously.  

“The release of both Aß 1-40 and Aß 1-42 into the culture medium was increased by exposure of SHSY5Y cells to mercury. Melatonin preincubation resulted in a significant decrease in Aß release....Mercury has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of enzymes, especially those containing sulfhydryl groups (Edstrom and Mattsson, 1976REF9). Protein kinase C activity in vitro and in brain tissue is markedly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by mercury (Rajanna et al., 1995REF21).....Mercury induces both Aß production and oxidative stress; thus, the chelation of mercury by melatonin could shift the APP metabolism back toward the secretase pathway, reducing Aß production and the concomitant oxidative stress-inducing effects of mercury and Aß. Aß-Fibrillogenesis is also inhibited by melatonin, thereby potentially reducing the toxic buildup of Aß 1-40 and Aß 1-42 fibrils (Pappolla et al., 1998REF20). Furthermore, melatonin has been shown to reduce the release of soluble APP from cells in culture and to reduce the levels of APP mRNA and other housekeeping protein mRNAs (Song and Lahiri, 1997REF24). These data suggest that melatonin may be involved in metabolic mechanisms regulating APP and other essential cellular protein production, over and above its antioxidant capacity.  

“In a similar fashion, mercury induced an increase in tau phosphorylation as compared with untreated cells. Melatonin treatment was able to protect cells from the mercury-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Mercury’s influence on tau phosphorylation remains unclear; however, it may be an indirect effect via oxidative stress and Aß production. Both Aß and oxidative stress have been shown to influence tau phosphorylation (Busciglio et al., 1995REF6; Takashima et al., 1996REF26)”—Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 74, No. 1, 2000 231-236 © 2000 International Society for Neurochemistry.”  

Melatonin is concentrated in the mitochondria, and protects them from oxidative damage. Dr. Reiter found melatonin to be 5.9 times more effective than glutathione and 11.3 times more effective than mannitol in fighting dangerous, hydroxyl radicals.  

A direct mechanism involving mercury’s inhibition of cellular enzymatic processes by binding with the hydroxyl radical (SH) in amino acids appears to be a major part of the connection to allergic/immune reactive conditions. For example, mercury has been found to strongly inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase and dipeptyl peptidase (DPP IV) that are required in the digestion of the milk protein casein, and the same protein that is cluster differentiation antigen 26 (CD26) which helps T-lymphocyte activation. CD26 or DPP IV is a cell surface glycoprotein that is very susceptible to inactivation by mercury binding to its cysteinyl domain.  

DPP IV has many different functions in the body besides digesting gluten and casein. As stated, this protein is known to influence T cells of the immune system. It is also a binding protein for purine and adenosyl deaminase. Because of this, a problem with DPP IV can throw off the immune system, the amino acid profile, and methylation. To improve methylation when this DPP IV is hampered, these nutrients may be helpful: Tri-Methyl-Glycine (TMG), B6, folic acid, B12, magnesium, and serine. A supplement of a little methionine or S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAM) may help, however, Dr. Pangborn said that it is not clear at this point whether the addition of large doses of methionine or SAMe will help or harm. 

Mercury and other toxic metals also inhibit binding of opioid receptor agonists (mimics of the real thing) to opioid receptors, while magnesium stimulates binding to opioid receptors. Studies involving a large sample of autistic and schizophrenic patients found that over 90% of those tested had high levels of the milk protein beta-casomorphin-7 in their blood and urine, and defective enzymatic processes for digesting milk protein, and similarly for the corresponding enzyme needed to digest wheat gluten. The studies found high levels of IgA antigen-specific antibodies for casein, lactoalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin, and of IgG and IgM for casein. Beta-casomorphin-7 is a morphine-like compound that results in neural dysfunction, as well as being a direct histamine releaser in humans, and it induces skin reactions. Minerals are also involved in the enzymatic processes involved in utilization of B6, B12, and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD). Mercury blocks these enzymatic processes, and it affects cellular membrane influx/efflux of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Mercury also affects the ATP energy system and neurotoxicity by affecting the distribution and utilization of these minerals. 

Elimination of milk and wheat products and sulfur foods from the diet has been found to improve the condition. A double blind study using a potent opiate antagonist (which blocks a receptor without having any effect on the cell), naltrexone (NAL), produced significant reduction in autistic symptomology among the 56% most responsive to opioid effects. The behavioral improvements were accompanied by alterations in the distribution of the major lymphocyte subsets, with a significant increase in the T-helper-inducers and a significant reduction of the T-cytotoxic-suppressors (Alpha Lipoic Acid also provides this same shift in these ratios—WSL), and a normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio. (If naltrexone is used, it should be only in low doses of 3 to 6 mg per day in conjunction with a Gf/Cf dietary. Higher doses of 25 to 50 mg, usually prescribed, can cause children to have pain and headaches according to Dr. Bruce Semon, Child Psychiatrist—WSL.) Studies have found mercury causes increased levels of the CD8 T-cytotoxic-suppressors. As noted previously, such populations of patients have also been found to have high levels of mercury, and to recover after mercury detoxification. As mercury levels are reduced the protein binding is reduced, and improvement in the enzymatic process occurs. 

Another effect of mercury and toxic metals is a reduction in B-lymphocytes. One of these studies dealing with autistic patients has found this causes a tendency to be more seriously affected by viruses, and to develop intestinal disorders including leaky gut, lymphoid modular hyperplasia (measles lesions in the gut), and a high incidence of parasites.  

Additional, cellular-level enzymatic effects of mercury’s binding with proteins include blockage of sulfur-oxidation processes which have been found to be significant factors in many autistic, plus enzymatic processes involving vitamins B6 and B12, with effects on the cytochrome-C energy processes as well. Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) baths, supplementation with the P5P form of Vitamin B6, and with vitamin B12 shots are methods of dealing with these enzymatic blockages that have been found effective by those treating such conditions. Mercury has also been found to have adverse effects on cellular mineral levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and lithium. [By heavily depleting magnesium, excess calcium is allowed into the cells. Supplementing with these minerals, especially with high amounts of magnesium (preferably as glycinate), and zinc, has been found to be effective in the majority of cases—WSL]. Another of the results of these toxic exposures and enzymatic blockages is the effect on the liver and dysfunction of the liver detoxification processes which autistic children have been found to have. All of the autistic cases tested were found to have high toxic exposures/effects and liver detoxification profiles outside of normal.—Immune Reactive Conditions: The mercury connection to eczema, autism, schizophrenia, lupus, asthma, and allergies (snipped from larger study)—Bernard Windham, Chemical Engineer.  

This abstract adds to Bernard’s thoughts: Ciba Found Symp 1977 Apr 26-28;(46):243-61; “Gastrointestinal complications of immunodeficiency syndromes”. Katz AJ, Rosen FS. Patients with B-cell deficiency have a high incidence of prolonged Giardia lamblia infection of the gastrointestinal tract that causes symptoms of malabsorption with villus flattening. The changes are reversible with therapy directed against Giardia. There is a high incidence of pernicious anemia in patients with agammaglobulinaemia. Those with abnormal B-lymphocytes tend to develop lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (measles in the gut). Gastrointestinal disease is rare in boys with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia when compared with adults with the ‘acquired’ or common variable form of the disease. T-cell deficiency results in intractable diarrhea and monilial infection of the gastrointestinal tract. End of abstract. Pernicious anemia occurs 20 times more frequently in patients with hypothyroidism than generally. In another study, a significant reduction in the number of B-lymphocytes was observed in mercury-exposed individuals.  

Heavy metals inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes and mitochondrial energy production; and they are neurotoxins. The stress pattern spoken of, indicative of adrenal stress, is presented in hair analysis by a marked, paired deviation in calcium and magnesium with an opposing deviation in sodium and potassium in the opposite direction. This pattern is accompanied by an increased level of zinc (which is displaced from functional sites by cadmium, nickel, lead, and mercury), and elevated boron. Very low levels of calcium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, copper, and sometimes zinc characterize the malabsorption pattern. Copper is essential for production of monoamine oxidase that degrades hormones after they have fulfilled their function. The malabsorption pattern can be associated with intestinal yeast overgrowth, hypochlorhydria, achlorhydria (B12, thiamin, zinc, or histamine deficiency), food allergies (increased with heavy metal burden), or inflammatory bowel disease.  

Nickel exposure is common, and nickel exposure has been found to be significantly related to perinatal unthriftiness (failure to thrive) and mortality in animal studies, and to large numbers of people affected by allergic conditions such as eczema and psoriasis vulgaris and serious autoimmune conditions such as lupus and CFS. 

Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, kidney failure, acute pancreatitis, or inadequate amounts of plasma magnesium and protein may also cause a deficiency of calcium in the serum. Mild hypocalcemia is asymptomatic (or shows as nocturnal cramps—WSL). Severe hypocalcemia is characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and tetany with hyperparesthesia (tingling as if “asleep”) of the hands, feet, lips, and tongue. The underlying disorder is diagnosed, and calcium is given by mouth or intravenous infusion. Hypocalcemia is also seen in dysmature newborns, in infants born of mothers with diabetes, or in normal babies of normal mothers delivered after a long or stressful labor and delivery. The condition is signaled by vomiting, twitching of extremities, poor muscle tone, high-pitched crying, and difficulty in breathing—1998 Mosby-yearbook, Inc. 

The very lack of calcium increases a parathyroid hormone that opens the L-channels allowing uncontrolled amounts of calcium into the cells of smooth muscles causing contraction, and high blood pressure for example. This would also contribute to a spastic colon. Contrariwise, mercury and PCBs block the L-channels contributing to low muscle tone. Supplementing calcium, manganese, magnesium, and vitamin B6 controls influx of calcium into cells. 

Dr. Lynn Wecker and his colleagues at Louisiana State Medical Centre observed that the autistic population had significantly lower levels of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese and chromium and higher levels of lithium as compared to sex and age-matched controls. Children with autistic features (autistic-like), classified as having childhood-onset pervasive disorder, had lower levels of magnesium, cadmium, cobalt and manganese as compared to controls. Discriminant function analysis using the 14 trace elements correctly classified 90.5% of the normal and 100% of the autistic population. Using a stepwise procedure, the five elements with the greatest discriminatory power were calcium, copper, zinc, chromium and lithium. Analysis based on these five trace elements led to the correct classification of 85.7% of the normal and 91.7% of the autistic group. You must supplement with a good vitamin-mineral product such as Mannatech Profile that is formulated to the child’s metabolic type from organic minerals that are easily assimilated. 

Wecker and team further observed that trace element imbalances in the human body can disrupt neurotransmitter function and produce marked changes in behavior—many of which are consistent with symptoms of autism. Deficiencies of mineral nutrients can make a child more susceptible to heavy metal absorption, and conversely, heavy metals can create mineral deficiencies. Furthermore, one genetic difference found in animals and humans is cellular retention differences for metals related to the ability to excrete mercury. For example, it has been found that individuals with genetic blood factor type APOE-4 (apolipoprotein E) do not excrete mercury readily and bioaccumulate mercury, resulting in susceptibility to chronic autoimmune conditions such as Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s, as early as age 40, whereas those with type APOE-2 readily excrete mercury and are less susceptible. Those with type APOE-3 are intermediate to the other 2 types. Many have puzzled about where excessive levels of arsenic are coming from. I now understand it may come from wool carpets and underlays that are treated with arsenic! Yes, and from your playpen mattress! You must have a heavy metals check, and detox your child at the earliest time. My book "Self-help to Good Health" ($21.95) has a Chapter on detoxifying heavy metals naturally.  

Heavy-metal overloads can effectively be treated using oral supplements of zinc, manganese, cysteine, serine, and vitamins B6, C, and E. The initial treatment must be gradual to avoid a sudden dumping of metal toxics from tissues, which could cause kidney damage and a worsening of symptoms—Dr. Wm. Walsh. 

Inexperienced doctors trying to detoxify mercury with DMSA, and possibly DMPS, may damage these children irreparably! Natural medical physicians throughout the US have reported MS symptoms in adults and intractable seizures in pediatric patients with high dose and extended use of DMSA (2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid), Chemet, or Succimer. Irresponsible use of these toxic drugs will damage the sulfoxidation system of PST children beyond repair. One reason to be careful is that DMPS takes the metals out in a certain order: zinc, tin, copper, arsenic, mercury, plumbum (lead), iron, and cadmium, creating damaging deficiencies in necessary metals (minerals). DMPS takes considerable glutathione (GSH) to metabolize it, in addition to folic acid, vitamins B6, and B12, and molybdenum. Furthermore, “Urinary values, without looking at the cellular mercury/low weight, free-thiols, and therefore susceptibility to the metal, are useless. One who has 1 mcg/l coming out in the urine, due to depleted thiols, can be more toxic from mercury than one with 50 mcg/l coming out who has normal or high cellular thiols. Thus, it would be very important to test cellular thiols in some cellular samples OTHER THAN BLOOD. Since red cells are renewed every 120 days, the red cell pool is not usually affected by the chronic mercury that accumulates in thiol-richer and/or more stable cells of the organs of the kidneys, liver, brain, colon surfaces, oral cavity gums, and alveolar bone. Unless you check those cells, and look at mercury/low weight, free-thiol ratios in those, and get some real indicators of toxicity and susceptibility, the urine measurements are useless.”—Ray Saarela, Biochemist who has experienced DMPS damage, and developed a safe protocol for detoxifying mercury. Ray has this to say about DMPS and DMSA: “You may want neither of the two, as both worsen the kidneys (DMPS horribly, and DMSA does also cause kidney pain and worsening each time I take even just very small doses in 25-150 mg range).  

These are the recommendations of the DAN! Mercury Detoxification Position Paper (May 2001): “DMSA should be given in doses of no more than 10 mg/kg/dose and no more than 30 mg/kg/day with a maximum dose of 500 mg (1500 mg/day maximum). Exceeding these limits has been associated with a significantly higher incidence of side effects and toxicity. The dosing interval can be any convenient period, as long as the dose limits are not exceeded. There is no convincing evidence to suggest that dosing intervals shorter than eight hours provide any inherent benefit, although a lower dose given more frequently may help to reduce troublesome side effects. In addition, the subset of children who experience improvement only while receiving DMSA may benefit from more frequent dosing. Clinical experience supporting 3- or 4-hour dosing intervals is matched by equally good results with 8-hour dosing. As always, the dosing interval should be based on the clinical response of the individual patient.”  

Phase II of the DAN! protocol calls for adding Alpha Lipoic Acid to the treatment: “Start with 1 to 3 mg/kg/day of alpha-lipoic acid and increase to 10 mg/kg/day as tolerated. Alpha-lipoic acid is a natural product of human cells and so has minimal toxicity; doses of up to 25 mg/kg/day given over more than three years have been studied in adults with no detectable toxicity. There is a theoretical concern that alpha-lipoic acid may bind to DMSA and reduce the availability of both, but this has not been seen clinically. Another concern is that alpha-lipoic acid reduces the removal of methyl-mercury by glutathione, which is a reason why it should be given with DMSA. There is also evidence that alpha-lipoic acid reduces copper excretion. Since DMSA increases copper excretion (it has been used to treat the copper intoxication of Wilson’s disease), this should not be a problem if alpha-lipoic acid is used with DMSA. 

“A serious concern with alpha-lipoic acid is that it can facilitate the movement of mercury out of and into the cells. It can be very useful in mobilizing mercury from within the cells and making it available for DMSA to chelate. Without the DMSA to ‘grab’ the mercury from lipoic acid, it may readily enter other tissues.” 

Kidney side effects and lowering of neutrophils are both known documented DMSA side effects. Extended use of DMSA can cause mild to moderate neutropenia with increased  SGOT, SGPT, Platelet count, Cholesterol, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). Adverse reactions to DMSA include ataxia (inability to coordinate muscular movement that may indicate a copper deficiency), convulsions, rash, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, headache, dizziness, sensorimotor neuropathy, changes in urination, arrhythmia, infection, redness of the face and extremities, heartburn, vomiting, loose stools, metallic taste in mouth, hemorrhoids, rash, stomach and abdomen cramps, flu like symptoms, tremors and twitches (magnesium depletion), and headache. Based on experiences and literature studies and studying people’s reactions to chelators, red itchy skin, swollen faces and hands are most probably reaction to DMSA, metabolic or immunological intolerance to it, rather than an ACTION of cleansing. Those people who tolerate DMSA OK have not developed itches or swollen body areas.  

According to the DAN! protocol, these are the common side-effects of DMSA: “nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, flatulence and fatigue. If these become serious enough, reducing the dose will usually make the symptoms tolerable. Occasionally, patients develop a maculopapular rash during treatment; this should not to be confused with an allergic reaction. Some autistic children are reported to experience a transient regression in language and behavior during and shortly after treatment. Reducing the dose may also make these symptoms less bothersome. Clinical experience suggests that most children who experience regression at the start of therapy will have less regression with each subsequent cycle of treatment.” Beneficial “side-effects” reported with DMSA therapy in autistic children include rapid progression of language ability, improved social interaction, improved eye contact, and decreased self-stimulatory behaviors (“stimming”). Children with motor problems have experienced significant improvement in both strength and coordination. If intestinal dysbiosis (particularly candida) is not adequately treated prior to starting DMSA, any improvement from the DMSA may be masked when the intestinal dysbiosis worsens on exposure to a rich culture medium such as DMSA, cysteine, cystine, or NAC. It is interesting to note a report that NAC can stimulate lymphocytes or inhibit them, usually the later in the limited tests done.  

Consult your physician if there are bothersome effects. Erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) is a self-limited inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. It is thought to be induced by immune complexes and mediated by lymphocytes. Distinctive target-shaped skin lesions, sore throat, mucous ulcers, and fever characterize it. It usually begins a week or more after therapy starts and will usually resolve spontaneously if the inciting medication is stopped. 

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is the most serious cutaneous drug reaction and may be fatal if not recognized. Its onset is generally very acute and characterized by epidermal necrosis without significant dermal inflammation. Its pathology is poorly understood but it also usually resolves when the inciting agent is stopped.  

TEN and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are absolute contraindications to continued therapy. There are no specific treatments other than supportive therapy and symptom relief. It is reported that some are using DMSA in liquid form. This may be an expensive mistake as DMSA in liquid is said to lose up to 20% of its potency each 24 hours! 

Zinc excretion doubles during the administration of DMSA. This can cause kidney dysfunction where the hair zinc/copper ratio is less than 5:1. Patients must be kept hydrated as renal function can be compromised. DMSA removes mercury from the “extracellular compartment,” which is about half the body. DMSA is completely useless for brain detox, and if not used on the every 4-hour schedule may increase brain mercury levels according to Andy Cutler and others. Your child may also show an increase in autistic symptoms (may become more “stimmy” or show more oppositional behavior). If the side effects are severe or difficult to deal with, stop the cycle and allow a rest time, then start the next cycle with a lower dosage. You may also want to try a shorter chelation cycle, with a larger rest period in between. The main target for mercury is the kidney. Mercury has been shown to cause a 50% reduction in kidney filtration function after just two months with new amalgam fillings in the mouth. It would be wise to support the kidneys by supplying kidney glandular supplements and other nutrients. Dietary fiber and apple pectin can aid the organs of elimination.  

According to Dr. Dietrich Klinghardt, regarding challenge tests with chelating agents (administration of appropriate agent followed by mercury urinalysis), “Our clinical experience has shown that when a patient is mineral deficient (especially sodium, calcium or potassium), the body is unable to effectively mobilize toxic metals with a challenge test! The patient’s mineral status needs to be corrected before successful mobilization [via a challenge test or actual detoxing] for mercury should be attempted.” A failure to ensure that adequate copper, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, manganese, magnesium, and glutathione stores exist before chelation can induce a dangerous lack of these essential nutrients. Selenium also assists in reducing the amount of zinc and copper excreted through the urine in the presence of mercury. Seleno-methionine is more readily incorporated into the system than are other forms of selenium. This is particularly evident in the kidney. In workers who are occupationally exposed to mercury, their mean urinary selenium was lowered. By increasing their selenium, through the diet, urinary mercury excretion increased and blood levels of mercury reduced. Most children are dehydrated, and efforts to rehydrate them should be made before chelation is begun. 

The DAN! protocol states, “Selenium supplementation should be limited to 1-4 mcg/kg/day. Magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium and chromium are all among the minerals that are deficient in autistic children; these can be supplied by a multi-mineral supplement. Be sure that this supplement does not contain copper. Copper is the one mineral that autistic children often have in excess and additional supplements will only worsen the excess.”  

The exception would be for those children who have been tested low in copper, in which case it must be supplemented for vitamin C, zinc, molybdenum, and DMSA will dangerously deplete it. It would be valuable to monitor red-cell, copper levels. I further venture to say the amount of selenium recommended here is far too low, and should be in the 5 mcg/kg range for mercury has already depleted the child’s stores of selenium, and chelating will reduce it the more. The presence of adequate selenium will bind mercury, preventing recycling in the gut and increasing release through the urine.  

Urgent warning: Mothers are posting that their kids’ responses to DMSA are exactly reverse of what should be occurring. The kid feels great “on” DMSA, but has regression and undesirable behaviors when in the resting or “off” phase. This is encouraging some to put the child on longer “on” periods and shorter “off” periods, even using some DMSA during the “off” period. These children are being poisoned! Some are reporting back (kidney) pain, which is a sure sign of kidney damage from mercury. One mother acknowledged that the child became progressively worse during off periods, but felt great while “on”, but when the child developed back pain, she stopped chelation. In conversation about the experience, she acknowledged the child was depleted of selenium and molybdenum, but she allowed the chelation anyway. What you don’t know can hurt you! This damage is occurring because panicked mothers are rushing to chelation without knowing the mineral/glutathione/sulfur levels, or they are ignoring known, low-mineral/glutathione levels. Chelation sucks minerals such as zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, magnesium, and molybdenum out of the kid, so if he is short to begin, he becomes dangerously deficient using DMSA. This damages kidneys in particular. Kids with sulfation problems (PST) are the ones being damaged. The only protection from this damage is to know that his molybdenum, selenium, and other mineral levels are high normal going in, and remain normal during chelation. Another mother reports that she knew the child was low on selenium, but she chelated anyway. The result was a dangerously high T3 Thyroid hormone reading. This is damaging to the thyroid, liver and other organs. If anyone is experiencing this reversal of usual response, or has any complaint of kidney pain, they must immediately cease chelation, and never touch it again until all mineral levels are normal to high normal. Doctors who are not monitoring mineral levels should be made aware of this problem, and the serious damage this can cause. 

There is confusion over continued supplementation during “on” periods. Mr. Andy Cutler states that supplementation should continue daily whether “on” or “off”. He feels there will be no significant difference in chelation results, and the child’s mineral stores will be better protected. The one exception appears to be zinc. Zinc should probably not be supplemented at a higher level than is in a daily multiple during the “on” days. During “off” days, supplement added zinc in the evening apart from meals, with a bit of oil to aid assimilation. Zinc dipicolinate has been shown to have substantially greater absorption than zinc sulfate. Liquid zinc is undoubtedly best. Taking it with lecithin may enhance assimilation and sleep, preventing that 2 AM awaking. 

The additional thoughts: “It is the author’s continued experience that a ‘healing crisis’ means that more toxins are being pulled out of the tissue than the organs of elimination and the binding capacity of the chelator can cope with, causing the toxins to be redistributed in the body and to produce symptoms. If the choice of chelator, method of administration, dosage, and metabolic support are correct, the patient only feels better. If the patient’s individual priorities and ability to utilize the protocol have not been established, the patient will feel, and be, worse. Depending on the size of the dose, massive amounts (up to a 750% increase from pre-challenge levels) of toxic metals can be mobilized via the liver and dumped into the bowel and or kidney using either SH (DMSA/DMPS) or P-SH (clathration type) chelators. Without proper drainage support, this can cause problems. If the patient is intolerant of or allergic to sulfur there will be additional complications—Timothy Ray, O.M.D., LAc,

Get the Lead Out

These are the symptoms of lead poisoning—do they look familiar?

  • Chronic infection in children,
  • loss of appetite,
  • weight loss,
  • chronic fatigue,
  • cramps,
  • insomnia,
  • alopecia,
  • colic and abdominal pain,
  • indigestion,
  • constipation,
  • nausea,
  • headache,
  • weakness,
  • metallic taste,
  • anemia,
  • pre-eclampsia,
  • miscarriage,
  • sterility,
  • kidney damage leading to elevated blood pressure,
  • peripheral neuritis,
  • arthritis,
  • anxiety,
  • mood swings,
  • nightmares,
  • hyperactivity,
  • aggressiveness,
  • delinquent and disruptive behavior,
  • depression,
  • mental retardation,
  • delirium,
  • coma, and death.
 

General cognitive, verbal, and perceptual abilities decrease as lead in the system increases.  

These brain functions are impaired by lead significantly reducing zinc, copper, and iron in the brain, interfering with the zinc, copper, and iron-dependent enzymes that regulate mental processes. Lead also interferes with calcium, magnesium, and zinc, the sedative elements, leading to convulsions. Hyperactivity and epilepsy are among the first presenting symptoms of lead poisoning.  

Addition of silicofluoride to the water of many communities causes people to absorb more lead. The lead blocks the action of calcium atoms in fostering the production of neurotransmitters in the brain—such as dopamine and serotonin. As a result, mental processes are seriously interfered with, and nerve reactions throughout the body depressed ... this sort of toxicity is shown by research to play a role in epileptic seizures and other convulsions." [Ref: Fluoridation and Truth Decay, 1974, p.93]  

In one study, after 7 months of fluoride treatment, the protein content of brain with fluorosis decreased, and the total brain phospholipid content (the stuff brains are made of) decreased by 10% and 20% in the 30 and 100-ppm fluoride groups, respectively. The main species of phospholipid influenced by fluorosis were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine. The results demonstrate that the contents of phospholipid and ubiquinone are modified in brains affected by chronic fluorosis and these changes of membrane lipids could be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Most physicians do not recognize fluoridation’s adverse health effects, but they are documented in blind and double-blind studies. Allergy, hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal and skin irritation are known side effects of fluoride ingestion. It impairs memory and concentration and causes lethargy, headache, depression, and confusion. Fluoride accumulates in human and animal pineal glands where it impairs melatonin production.  The toxicity of fluoride is increased in people with inadequate nutrition (substandard vitamin-mineral intake), or who are immune-compromised (e.g., diabetics, renal disease, etc.). When inorganic fluoride compounds combine with gastric HCl, hydrofluoric acid is formed which exerts an irritating action upon the mucous of the stomach and the upper gastrointestinal tract. All these effects can be antagonized by giving calcium and magnesium combined (50 mg/kg each). Rather than giving such high amounts of these minerals, you must remove all fluoride from your child’s drinking and bath water, toothpaste, and prepared breakfast cereals (that have up to three times as much as is legal for drinking water). Supplementing the above-mentioned phospholipids may be wise.  

A challenge test for lead will only reveal what is in the blood, and blood tests may be nil. Lead is quickly stored in tissue, bone, and brain, and only found in testing if something has stirred it up. The best test for lead is hair analysis, often reading 10 times higher than in the blood. Nevertheless, it may take a year or more of nutritional therapy before lead is released from tissue storage and becomes detectable on hair tests. During chelation, it may appear to all be gone, only to be released from another reservoir and show high readings again a year later! It is of importance to note that children retain up to 50% of lead ingested, probably 5 times higher than adults, and they retain much more of that ingested between meals or with high fat, or with low casein diets, or when iron deficient. Lead can displace manganese and copper, both required for optimal adrenal function. Lead and fluoride are frequently associated with hypothyroidism, impairing the uptake of iodine by the thyroid. Lead is frequently associated with low zinc levels, and this low zinc is frequently associated with hypoglycemia. A low calcium/phosphorus ratio causes more lead to be incorporated into the skeleton, and adequate calcium, magnesium, and alginate must be present to eliminate lead. 

If any heavy metal readings are “high normal” or more, they must be detoxified—preferably by nutritional means (see my Chapter “Heavy Metals Poisoning?” from my Electronic Book “Self-help to Good Health” ($21.95 US). Reducing lead from “high normal” will remove a number of the above listed symptoms. Do not use the chelators DMPS or high dose DMSA as these will likely further damage the gut, and they will impair Phase I liver enzyme function causing a further buildup of toxins. They can also further damage the sulfur oxidation system (especially DMPS) by draining the system of copper, molybdenum, zinc, and other mono-oxidase Phase I liver catalysts. The Physician’s Desk Reference documents that DMSA can cause neutropenia as a side effect. Neutropenia is a deficiency in neutrophil cells, the immune cells that kill foreign organisms like fungus. Under no circumstances use DMPS and then Tylenol for pain. Tylenol toxicity from such a combination is a very real danger.  

EDTA is not a good choice for chelating mercury, nor for removing lead for it removes 8 to 12 essential minerals, and only chelates what is in the blood and on arterial walls. It does not reach into the body tissues and, by removing calcium, it encourages deposition of lead. In addition, studies have found that use of EDTA by patients with high levels of mercury can cause serious side effects, so EDTA should be used only when mercury levels have been found to be low. In addition to the nutrients listed above, battery manufacturers found zinc, with vitamin C very helpful. While using 2000 mg vitamin C and 60 mg zinc, the blood level of lead dropped 25% in 24 weeks, even as they continued working in the high lead atmosphere. (This much vitamin C and zinc should be balanced with 8 mg copper and 30 mg manganese.) Vitamin B1, 50–100 mg (in form of a B–complex supplement), detoxifies lead also. 

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a medium-chain, fatty acid that is a powerful antioxidant soluble in both water and fat, and an effective metals chelator. It regenerates both vitamins C and E, keeping them effective longer. A deficiency of lipoic acid results in reduced muscle mass, brain atrophy, failure to thrive, and increased lactic acid and pyruvate accumulation. Supplemental ALA enhances glutathione production, and regenerates glutathione and CoQ10 giving cells a double dose of antioxidant protection. It inputs nutrients (glucose) into the cells to improve the mitochondrial function, increases plasma ascorbate, plasma sulfur, and T-helper lymphocytes/T-helper-suppressor cell ratios. A supplement seems desirable, but do not use more than one milligram per pound of body weight in any one serving (it may be better to use only half that). Its short half-life indicates it should be taken several times a day. If any adverse responses are observed, cut that amount in half. Alpha-lipoic acid is very safe at these recommended dosages, although occasionally it causes mild stomach upset, and in rare cases it can trigger an allergic skin rash. If you experience any of these reactions, reduce the dose or stop taking the supplement. It is reported that large amounts can significantly alter thiol (sulfur) metabolism, distribution, and excretion—significantly increasing plasma cysteine levels, and by increasing bile excretion of glutathione, it may result in depletion of the liver stores of glutathione. Opioids have been shown to decrease hepatic glutathione also. This will seriously affect the availability of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and of the enzyme, aconitase that is dependent upon glutathione. A deficiency of aconitase will allow citric and aconitic acids to build up.  

The human body can make enough alpha lipoic acid to prevent a recognizable deficiency disease, though not enough to perform all its functions. The optimal level of alpha lipoic acid varies with each person depending on biochemical differences, lifestyle, exercise, and how much oxidative stress they experience. The requirement of NADH and NADPH as cofactors in the cellular reduction of alpha-lipoic acid to dihydrolipoate in various cells and tissues has been reported. These cofactors can be lacking and block effectiveness of ALA. Certain diseases, environmental conditions, and age can cause a deficiency in lipoic acid, and thus the body often doesn’t make enough to meet all its metabolic and antioxidant needs. 

When sugar is metabolized in the production of energy, it is converted into pyruvic acid. An enzyme complex that contains lipoic acid, niacin, and thiamine breaks down the pyruvate. Pyruvic acid can be elevated for a number of reasons, but mercury is notorious for interfering with the mitochondrial, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, where it binds to and deactivates the lipoic acid coenzyme, resulting in elevated pyruvic acid. Since the human body tends to have only the minimum amount of alpha lipoic acid to prevent recognizable disease, supplementation may help improve energy metabolism. This is particularly applicable in people with lower than normal levels, for example, individuals with diabetes, liver cirrhosis, heart disease, mercury toxicity, and HIV.  

Nevertheless, there is compelling scientific evidence that high and constant doses of lipoic acid have the potential to seriously disrupt a number of key minerals including copper, zinc, and molybdenum, possibly elevating copper or zinc to potentially toxic levels. More than the recommended amounts will compete excessively with biotin, creating a deficiency of this vital B-complex vitamin. It may also impair a vital enzyme, Carboxylase. It can deplete copper stores of the liver and distribute it to other tissues, creating a potential toxicity. Large supplemental amounts can also deplete the liver of vital glutathione, defeating the very thing for which it is being used. Do not use ALA if known to have high levels of these minerals, or high levels of cysteine. If one has high levels of methyl-mercury (inorganic mercury from fish), ALA can hurt as well. A German study reports that six months of lipoic acid causes a vitamin B12 deficiency [M Siepmann, W Kirch]. It decreases lipoic acid serum levels of vitamin B12 [Aktuelle Neurologie, 2000, Vol 27, Iss 1, pp 33-35. www.drmirkin.com/diabetes/8310.html]. It would thus be wise to supplement vitamin B12 and biotin with the lipoic acid. It might be helpful to supplement reduced (hydrogenated) glutathione, except where there is high cysteine. One of the concerns is the capacity of ALA to chelate mercury. This mercury will attach to available selenium. Unless adequate selenium is being supplemented, the mercury may not be promptly excreted, and a selenium deficiency could be induced.  

Many of the “backfires” from using DMPS indicate a loss of the sulfur-oxidizing enzyme “sulfite oxidase”, a molybdenum-histidine containing enzyme, and a dose dependent reduction of cellular, low-weight thiols including that vital antioxidant glutathione. This will compound the PST/sulfate problem. Antibiotics should be avoided for the same reason, and steroids will do more harm than any long-term good. Giving steroids might reduce the rate of demyelination, if that exists, or “cool” an inflamed gut, but giving steroids can also further disrupt the immune function and exacerbate an underlying infection such as HHV-6 or blood-brain-barrier, localized measles. Save the drugs until all else recommended herein fails (it won’t).  

The best detoxifier of all in this instance is glutathione, but don’t take the glutathione precursors that contribute directly to the cysteine pool. Both L-cysteine and whole glutathione do this.  N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) produces glutathione, and is a mercury chelator in its own right. It should completely clear the body within 24 hours if it is not utilized in making glutathione (according to published pharmokinetics study). NAC does not contribute directly to cysteine toxicity unless you take massive amounts of it. Around 500 mg/day (adult) stands to benefit without significantly increasing risk of cysteine toxicity. NAC should not be used initially or by itself with anyone suspected of having a significant body burden of mercury. Like alpha-lipoic acid, cysteine and cystine, NAC can bind with mercury and carry it across cell membranes. NAC is also a good culture medium for yeast, like its parent molecule, cysteine.  

Build glutathione and “cool” the inflamed gut and the autoimmune response with Ambrotose®, or AmbroStart, and Phyt•Aloe® by Mannatech. Plus, by Mannatech supplies plant sterols that detoxify mercury. PLUS and Ambrotose detoxify lead. PLUS, Ambrotose, and PhytAloe® protect against organic solvents as well as heavy metals. I should note that Phyt•Aloe® bears several high sulfur, phenol-content vegetables, and may be contraindicated for some PST kids, or to those allergic to any of these foods. 

Dr. Yoshiaki Omura discovered that the leaves of the coriander plant could accelerate the excretion of mercury, lead, and aluminum from the body. He had been treating patients for an eye infection called trachoma (granular conjunctivitis), which is caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis. Following the standard treatment with antibiotics, Dr. Omura found that the patients’ symptoms would clear up initially, and then recur within a few months. He experienced similar difficulties in treating viral related problems like Herpes Simplex types I & II and Cytomegalovirus infection (Does this recurrent infection sound familiar?). Dr. Omura found those organisms seemed to hide and flourish in areas of the body where there were concentrations of heavy metals like mercury, lead, and aluminum. Somehow, the organisms were able to use the toxic metals to protect themselves from the antibiotics! Dr. Omura noticed the mercury level in the urine increased after patients consumed a healthy serving of Vietnamese soup containing Chinese parsley, better known as cilantro, or coriander, since it comes from the leaves of the coriander plant. Further testing revealed that eating cilantro also increased urinary excretion of lead and aluminum. When cilantro was used concurrently with antibiotics or natural anti-viral agents and/or fatty acids like EPA with DHA, the above infections could be eliminated for good. (Acupnct Electrother Res. 95:20 (3-4): 195-229.) Further testing with those who had high levels of mercury following amalgam removal, showed that, without the help of any chelation agents, cilantro was able to remove the mercury in two to three weeks. (Acupunct Electrother Res 96;21 (2): 133-60.) I think this removed only the free mercury from the amalgam removal in this short time, however, Cilantro Extract has been shown in clinical trials and research to mobilize mercury, tin, and other toxic metals stored in the brain and spinal cord, and it moves them rapidly out of those tissues. This is a revolutionary discovery and makes cilantro the first known substance that mobilizes mercury from the Central Nervous System (CNS). 

Be aware that mercury readings from the hair or blood will only reflect a current or recent exposure within approximately three months, or the body’s active detoxification of mercury. A negative reading may be meaningless. 

In addition to soup, one may use a Cilantro Pesto:

    1 clove of garlic;

      1/2 cup of almonds, cashews, or other nuts;

      1 cup packed fresh cilantro leaves;

      2 tablespoons lemon juice;

      6 tablespoons olive oil.  

Put the cilantro and olive oil in blender, and process until the cilantro is chopped. Add the rest of the ingredients, and process to a lumpy paste. (You may need to add a touch of hot water and scrape the sides of the blender.) You can change the consistency by altering the amount of olive oil and lemon juice, but keep the 3:1 ratio of oil to juice. (It freezes well, so you can make several batches at once.)  

Cilantro is a very popular herb in Mexican cooking, and due to their large Mexican populations it is easy to find anywhere from Texas to California. In other areas, you may need to visit an Oriental market or specialty supermarket where is may be called Chinese parsley. 

Dr. Klinghardt suggests making this “pesto” to increase your intake of cilantro: 

Start with fresh, organic cilantro and wash it thoroughly. Place the cilantro in a blender, along with water, sea salt and olive oil. Blend the ingredients until creamy. Dr. Klinghardt recommends taking 1-3 tablespoons of this cilantro pesto, three times daily with meals. For those suffering from neurological problems, such as Alzheimer’s, or brain “fogginess” and difficulty concentrating, the pesto may be taken more often, he says.  

The best form of cilantro is a tincture available from Dragon River (505-583-2348) www.dragonriverherbals.com. The dose is one dropper applied on the wrists and rubbed in twice a day. The tincture is also particularly useful for any joint pain, and could be rubbed on the joint that is hurting as an alternative. You can also augment the tincture with using the herb. It is not as potent, but certainly will add to the program. However, like with chlorella, many people are sensitive to oral cilantro. So, if you develop any nausea or discomfort after eating cilantro, do not use it orally. 

Garlic is one of the best chelators, and Kyolic aged garlic (800-421-2998) is a deodorized form that concentrates its chelating ability to 200 times that of a fresh garlic clove. It is shown to increase fecal excretion of mercury to 400%, and to completely protect blood cells against high levels of lead. It provides large amounts of selenium (prevents recycling of mercury into the system), germanium, and sulfur. The liquid extracts of garlic are said to contain less sulfites. Cilantro, garlic, selenium (selenomethionine), zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, calcium, NAC, and glutathione are all effective mercury chelators, and I.V. vitamin C, has been helpful in preventing brain fog. I would play it safe, and skip chlorella.

Acetylaldehyde and NAD

Chronic exposure to acetylaldehyde from alcohol, cigarette smoke, auto exhausts, and candida creates a deficiency of vitamin B1, pantothenic acid, and niacin (resulting in a lack of NAD/NADH). A moderately severe B1 deficiency leads to a group of symptoms characterized by mental confusion, poor memory, poor neuromuscular coordination, and visual disturbances. The coenzyme form of niacin, NAD, is normally recycled continually during cellular energy production. Yet, when NAD helps detoxify AH, this recycling of NAD is blocked, and the alternate form of NAD called “NADH” accumulates, impairing cellular biochemistry in many ways. Thus, chronic AH exposure from candida will likely produce a functional, niacin/NAD deficiency, but to supplement NAD would seem to exacerbate the NADH buildup.  

This partial quotation would seem to give the solution to NADH buildup: “Treatment of the human Wurzburg T-cell line with 0.5 mM alpha-lipoate for 24 hr resulted in a 30% decrease in cellular NADH levels. Alpha-Lipoate treatment also decreased cellular NADPH, but this effect was relatively less and slower compared with that of NADH. A concentration-dependent increase in glucose uptake was observed in Wurzburg cells treated with alpha-lipoate. Parallel decreases (30%) in cellular NADH/NAD+ and in lactate/pyruvate ratios were observed in alpha-lipoate-treated cells. Such a decrease in the NADH/NAD+ ratio following treatment with alpha-lipoate may have direct implications in diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other pathologies where reductive (high NADH/NAD+ ratio) and oxidant (excess reactive oxygen species) imbalances are considered as major factors contributing to metabolic disorders. Under conditions of reductive stress, alpha-lipoate decreases high NADH levels in the cell by utilizing it as a co-factor for its own reduction process, whereas in oxidative stress both alpha-lipoate and its reduced form, dihydrolipoate, may protect by direct scavenging of free radicals and recycling other antioxidants from their oxidized forms”—Roy S; Sen CK; Tritschler HJ; Packer L, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA 

Heavily processed foods are typically low on many nutrients, and NADH is no exception. Vegetarians tend to be quite low on NADH, since they do not eat meat. Stress, old age, fatigue, and disease will lower our natural supplies of NADH making it an important supplement. A deficiency of NAD/NADH produces fearful feelings, apprehension, suspiciousness, and worrying excessively with a gloomy, downcast, angry, and depressed outlook. It has been shown to improve mental and physical health by increasing production of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopamine is needed for our short-term memories to work properly, and is required for good muscle tone. Without enough dopamine in our bodies, our muscles will get stiff. NADH helps produce another type of neurotransmitter called noradrenaline. This substance makes us feel alert and leads to better concentration. Both dopamine and noradrenaline are chemicals that can raise our spirits, so if either substance is in short supply depression usually results. NADH leads to increased levels of both of these “feel good” neurotransmitters, so it can be helpful in reducing depression.  

It is interesting to note that according to two biochemistry books, “Harper’s Biochemistry”, twenty-fourth edition (pg 602) and “Textbook of Biochemistry”, Thomas M Devlin, editor, Third Edition (pg 560), there are three separate paths for the synthesis of NADH. One starts with niacin, another with niacinamide, and a third involves the conversion of tryptophan to NADH catalyzed by vitamin B6. I would thus conclude that the best approach would be to enhance all three paths at the same time. This would involve supplementing with niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B6, and tryptophan at the same time (along with supporting nutrients). I could only guess as to the right distribution between these, but I would expect that by combining them, far less would be needed than the megadoses for niacin (up to 3g/day) or B6 (up to 1.2g/day) that were used by Hoffer (niacin) and Pfeiffer (vitamin B6). It would seem reasonable that adding a significant amount of tryptophan as a supplement to the B6 treatment would greatly enhance the production of NADH. 

In this same energy producing circuit is CoEnzyme Q10 (CoQ10). To ensure the body can make adequate CoQ10, supply adequate tyrosine, pantothenic acid, P5P, and vitamin C. Headaches, insomnia, depression, agitation, and inability to concentrate may also occur unless the vitamin B-complex is supplemented significantly, preferably in its coenzyme form. CoQ10 may need supplementation also for it is usually at barely adequate levels in the diet to begin with (the best form is the oil gel cap, and the superior brand is Dr. Sinatra’s Q-GEL-PLUS, 800-304-1708. It contains water soluble CoQ10 combined with carnitine fumarate and vitamins E, B12, and folic acid. It is three times more bioavailable than the usual forms of CoQ10). Candida produces a harmful toxin, however, its main deleterious effect is avid binding of CoQ10. If fighting candida, supplement CoQ10.  

Coenzyme A combines with acetate in all cells to form Acetyl Coenzyme A, the active form of Pantothenic Acid, perhaps the most pivotal single biochemical in all cellular biochemistry. Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) is one of the most critical vitamins for normal brain function. It supports the adrenals and the pancreas, and helps the colon grow the beneficial bacteria. The disulfate form of pantothenic acid, pantethine, bypasses cysteine conjugation and decarboxylation. This might account for some of the clinical benefits seen with pantethine supplementation. (The amino acids methionine and cysteine are utilized in the formation of Coenzyme A, heparin, biotin, glutathione, and lipoic acid, and lipoic acid is required to breakdown pyruvate into Acetyl Coenzyme A.) Both sugar and fat must be transformed into Acetyl Coenzyme A to power the Krebs cycle that produces 90% of all the energy used by every cell in the body, including brain cells. Unfortunately, AH has a strong affinity to combine with Acetyl Coenzyme A suppressing its activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The energy-producing activity of cells falls in parallel with the declining levels of Acetyl Coenzyme A as the concentration of AH increases. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also necessary for the production of acetylcholine, the memory, learning, and concentration neurotransmitter.  

Dr. Werbach’s study demonstrated that people with colitis have markedly decreased Coenzyme A activity in the mucosal surface of their colons, even when the blood levels of pantothenic acid are normal. Dr. Atkins concluded, based on his success with these patients, that pantethine bypasses the block in converting pantothenic acid to Coenzyme A. But also, that pantethine is a growth factor for lactobacillus bulgaricus and bifidobacterium that we know help control yeast overgrowth. 

By upping levels of a body enzyme, pantethine counteracts brain fog, certain allergic sensitivities, and some consequences of alcoholism. In people with candidiasis, the enzyme fights off a toxic byproduct called acetaldehyde, which is thought to cause brain fog, often suffered but rarely diagnosed. The pantethine-stimulated enzyme also detoxifies formaldehyde, an all too frequent offender for chemically sensitive individuals.  

Acetaldehyde accumulations in tissue are responsible for weakness in muscles, irritation, and pain. Dr. Atkins states, “For all conditions that a doctor might prescribe prednisone—allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and other autoimmune diseases, pantethine can be safely, effectively substituted. I routinely use it for all of those conditions on hundreds of my patients, and it’s valuable in weaning them off steroidal drugs, or certainly in allowing a lower dose.” 

In summary, Dr. Atkins is saying that pantethine, without toxic consequences, can reduce cholesterol, counteract oxidation, stimulate the growth of friendly bacteria, and fight allergies, inflammation, autoimmune disruptions, and alcoholism. 

In case you wondered, Dr. Cooter and Dr. Schmtt suggest 300 micrograms of Molybdenum per day in three divided doses, and further suggest staying on it for at least 4 months. Dr. Atkins suggests 450 to 900 milligrams daily of pantethine with an equal amount of pantothenic acid. 

There are three major stages of energy producing metabolism. The first stage is called glycolysis. It is the anaerobic (without oxygen) stage. It degrades glucose (from the blood) into lactic acid, or alcohol, or pyruvate. When the next two, aerobic (oxygenated) stages of metabolism are operating, the anaerobic stage produces pyruvate exclusively which then feeds into the Krebs cycle and the following respiratory chain. The first anaerobic step, glycolysis, produces two ATP molecules (the currency of energy in the cell) per molecule of glucose. The following two aerobic steps produce an additional 36 molecules of ATP. When the aerobic stages are not operating, the primary product is lactic acid and sometimes alcohol, but not pyruvate. Lactic acid buildup and excessive alcohol production are common in ASD. It can be seen that anaerobic metabolism will result in greatly reduced energy available to the cell, and will result in a voracious appetite for glucose just to supply the small amount of energy required for its reduced state of metabolism. This anaerobic metabolism is the process of cancer cell formation. A cancer cell is anaerobic. Toxic metals could be a root cause for genetic damage, causing anaerobic metabolism, and thus cancer. Removing them from the body could help in the prevention of cancer.

Pyrroluria

Candida converts sugars into ethanol. Unused alcohol converts into acetaldehyde. If you have adequate amounts of glutamine, selenium, niacin, folic acid, B6, B12, iron, and molybdenum, aldehydes continue to be metabolized into acetic acid, which can be excreted, or converted further into acetyl coenzyme A. If these nutrients are in poor supply, aldehydes begin collecting in the body’s tissues. So when we are fully nourished, candida furnishes the body with a necessary part of the Krebs energy cycle necessary for the health and maintenance of all cells. When our digestion is unbalanced, we incompletely convert sugars into poisons and they stay poisons in our human system. When our digestion is balanced, or we give it what it needs in terms of supplements, a potential poison is transformed into a source of energy—aldehyde poison becomes acetyl coenzyme A!  

Kryptopyrrole is an avid aldehyde-reacting agent that has been shown to combine irreversibly with pyridoxal phosphate. The resulting kryptopyrrole-pyridoxal complex binds voraciously with zinc, and the combined product is leached out with the urine. (I understand the compound is actually hydroxy-hemopyrrolenone and not kryptopyrrole. See Clinical Chemistry 24(11)2069-2070 1978). This condition, termed as pyrroluria (or malvaria), has been found to respond readily to zinc and vitamin B6 therapy. Thus, acetaldehyde induces a deficiency of Pyridoxal 5` Phosphate (P5P) the major coenzyme necessary to form virtually all major brain neurotransmitters. It is involved in all transamination reactions, whereby cells may convert many different amino acids into each other to satisfy their ever-shifting, amino-acid needs. P5P is necessary to convert essential fatty acids into their final-use forms, and to turn linoleic acid into the key, nerve-cell-regulating biochemical, Prostaglandin E1. P5P helps regulate magnesium entry into cells, and the ideal level of excitability of nerve cells is strongly dependent upon their magnesium level. P5P is also necessary to convert tryptophan to niacin and niacin/niacinamide into the active coenzyme form, NAD. Unfortunately, AH is known to strongly combine with the protein portion of P5P enzymes in a way that displaces the P5P portion of the molecule. This subjects P5P to an increased rate of destruction, and results in abnormally low blood and tissue levels of this coenzyme. If fighting candida, you must supplement P5P. 

Depression, which can affect hyperactive and hypoactive children, and perceptual disturbances are often the first indications of pellagra. Like people with schizophrenia, affected children may hear voices. Foods may taste different to them. Letters appear upside down, and words slip around the page. Children may see objects or creatures among the shadows in the semi-dark. Usually, children are unable to describe these changes in their perceptions without help. Dr. Hoffer’s “ABC of Natural Nutrition for Children” includes a hundred-question Perceptual Dysfunction Test that can be completed by young children with the help of a parent. The PD Test was adapted by Dr. Glen Green from the HofferOsmond Diagnostic Test (HOD), which Dr. Hoffer and Dr. Humphrey Osmond developed in 1960 to screen for schizophrenia. The HOD test can be used to evaluate mental health in children over 10 years old although Hoffer says that some children may have difficulty with some of the vocabulary. The HOD test is available as a computer program at www.softtac@islandnet.com. 

In addition to these questionnaires, a urine test can identify krytopyrroluria (KP), a substance commonly found in the urine of schizophrenic patients. This substance causes a deficiency of B6 (pyridoxine) and zinc by latching onto these nutrients and removing them from the body via urine. Hoffer has noticed that children with positive KP results also respond to B3. While all of these tests and questionnaires may point to vitamin deficiency, the primary test is to give the child large doses of niacinamide (often starting with 1 gram twice daily). If the child’s perceptual and behavioral problems are caused by a deficiency, Hoffer says that improvement will be noticed within months (or sooner). 

Pyrroluria is a common feature of many behavior and emotional disorders. It is an inborn error of pyrrole chemistry that results in a dramatic deficiency of zinc, vitamin B6, and arachidonic acid. Common symptoms include explosive temper, emotional mood swings, poor short-term memory, and frequent infections. These patients are easily identified by their inability to tan, poor dream recall, abnormal fat distribution, and sensitivity to light and sound. The decisive laboratory test is analysis for kryptopyrroles in urine. Treatment centers on zinc and B6 supplements together with omega-6 essential fatty acids.  

If your child has a low arachidonic acid (AA) on the membrane fatty acid test, I would get a urinary pyrrole test. We have good data from the Hormel Institute on consistently low AA levels in autistic children with elevated urinary pyrrole levels. At least a third of autistic and ADHD children have high pyrrole. When you see pyrroles elevated in a child, you know two things right away: 1) very high zinc requirement, 2) very high B6 (prefer P5P) requirement. The higher the pyrroles, the greater these two are needed. Zinc picolinate may be preferred to other zinc supplements for the lack of B6 may cause the formation of picolinate to be suboptimal. Manganese will be required to balance the zinc. This is such key information; I always get this urinary screen. Sixty percent of Down’s kids have pyrroluria. I have all Pyrrolurics (low AA) on Evening Primrose Oil.—Dr. Woody McGinnis (compressed). Walsh finds biotin very useful in “slender malabsorber group” 

Pyrroluria or Hemopyrrollactam Uria (HPU): Pyrrole is a toxin that interferes with liver detoxification (blocks cytochrome p450) and with heme production. There may be a need for niacin because B6 is required to convert tryptophan into niacin. Many of the children with HPU have low levels of histamine, which may make them more sensitive to allergies. One source of the elevated hemopyrrollactam (pyrroles) is intestinal bacteria (Irvine and Wilson 1976). Sometimes, a form of the antibiotics tetracycline and kanamycin turn off the production of pyrrole. 

Symptoms of HPU are: paleness of the skin, especially of the face (pallor), recurrent ear infections, colds, allergy’s, hay fever, skin reactions, hyperreactivity, dermatografy, headache, migraine, easy bruising, anemia, inability to climb a rope, climbing rack, or flying rings, abdominal pain in the upper left side, convulsions, in summer the skin is yellowish or golden brown, a bad set of teeth, hypermobility of the joints, growing pains, especially of the knee (left), changes in handwriting, white marks on their nails (zinc deficiency), sensitivity to sunlight (probably B6 deficiency), loss of appetite, stretch marks on the skin, sweetish breath odor, constipation, but more often an excessive stool mucus with bloating and a light colored stool, and learning and behavioral problems. Some depression patients have a genetic pyrrole disorder. Many of these persons report benefits from Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, or other serotonin-enhancing medications. However, similar benefits may be achieved by simply giving these patients sufficient amounts of B6 along with augmenting nutrients such as magnesium and zinc.  

HPU belongs to the non-acute porphyrias. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has been linked to porphyrin metabolism problems. In porphyrias, there is elevated porphyrins in the urine. Hormones play a part in the porphyrias. Dr. Raymond Peat has observed improvements in people with porphryia when they were placed on thyroid and/or natural progesterone—a good reason to support the thyroid as urged herein. You can get a urinary screen for elevated pyrroles for $32 from BioCenter Laboratory in Wichita, 1 800-494-7785. Collect the urine with the child off all zinc and B6 supplementation for two days prior. 

Acetaldehyde unfavorably influences prostaglandin metabolism by deactivating Delta-6-Desaturase the enzyme that converts the Omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), into gamma linolenic acid (GLA), that is totally absent from a typical diet. GLA is the only material that can be converted into prostaglandin E1, a key regulatory biochemical for both nerve cells and the immune system. Conditions that promote production of Prostaglandin E1 prevents excessive production of the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 from the dietary fatty acid, arachidonic acid, that is plentiful in meat, poultry and dairy products.  

In the section of the book, “Gliotoxins, and Other Immunotoxins Produced by Yeast and Fungi”, Dr. William Shaw writes:

      “A second toxic effect of gliotoxins (an antibiotic that is toxic to higher animals, and that is produced by various fungi—WSL) is probably due to their action on the sulfhydryl (mercapto) group of proteins, which they inactivate. These sulfhydryl groups are necessary for the functioning of a wide variety of enzymes. Supplements of glutathione, N-acetyl cysteine, and lipoic acid might be useful to prevent this toxic action of gliotoxins since they help regenerate free sulfhydryl groups. 

      “A third way that gliotoxins may be causing their damage is by the generation of compounds called free radicals....Many of these harmful reactions can be counteracted by compounds called antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, lipoic acid, glutathione, or N-acetylcysteine. Several physicians who treat large number of children with autism have indicated to me significant improvement of symptoms in some children with autism after treatment with the nutritional supplements of glutathione or N-acetylcysteine.” Dr. Shaw often recommends 500 mg of NAC for thirty days when beginning yeast therapy. See cautions about using NAC elsewhere in this paper. 

The petrochemical AH is used in perfumes, flavors, dyes, plastics and synthetic rubber, and is present in fermented products. It has a general narcotic effect with symptoms of chronic intoxication and “hangover”. The difficulties discussed above that are caused by chronic AH toxicity should indicate that AH has a significant ability to compromise the brain function. A partial summary of AH’s damaging effects on brain function includes the following: impaired memory, decreased ability to concentrate (“brain fog”), depression, slowed reflexes, lethargy and apathy, heightened irritability, decreased mental energy, increased anxiety and panic reactions, decreased sensory acuity, increased tendency to alcohol, sugar, and cigarette addiction, decreased sex drive, and increased PMS and breast swelling/tenderness in women.  

I recite these biochemical effects of acetylaldehyde to stress that allowing candida overgrowth to continue is a dreadful mistake. To drag out efforts to eliminate it is equally unfortunate for the child. These effects of acetylaldehyde are multiplied many times over when candida die off occurs, but they can be minimized or eliminated by adequate supplements of the affected vitamins and minerals, and by use of AlkaSeltzer Gold and N-acetylcysteine or lipoic acid (as outlined elsewhere in this article). 

These children likely have a family history of food intolerance, and candida predisposes to rampant allergies; so, in addition to clearing candida, they may need Enzyme Potentiated Desensitization (EPD) therapy, or NAET because allergies can cause many of these children’s symptoms, including hypoglycemia that mimics a multitude of diseases. Food allergies and sensitivities can be avoided by changing the foods one eats, thus it would seem relatively easy to eliminate food-related problems. Unfortunately, when one food is removed, other allergies become apparent or develop, until often it seems there are no foods that are safe to eat. Nevertheless, when these foods are avoided, other contributing factors, if present, will be much more easily discerned and addressed. Nevertheless, many, if not all, of these problems will disappear only when healing of the digestion and gut progresses. This is most quickly accomplished by homeopathic vaccine detoxification and mercury removal for these poisons are the root cause of these problems.

The Thyroid: Metabolic Regulator

“We are building a web-site detailing our research into ASD from the last five years. It will contain thousands of studies, tables, and other scientific information documenting that ASD is caused by thyroid hormone dysfunction. We have investigated all biochemical findings involved in ASD and traced them to T3 deficiency. Depending upon when this T3 deficiency occurs (i.e., during gestation, neo-natal period, etc.) one will observe the different aspects involved in ASD”—Andreas Schuld, brou@istar.ca. He has a newsletter—“Parents of Fluoride-Poisoned Children.” Thyroid hormones are closely related to all brain function and to pancreas function. This common knowledge serves as the basis for the worldwide iodine supplementation program. Healthy humans require iodine, an essential component of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Failure to have adequate iodine leads to insufficient production of these hormones (hypothyroidism), which affect many different parts of the body, particularly muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and the brain. The most devastating of these consequences are on the developing human brain (Venkatesh-Mannar & Dunn, 1995). Many studies have shown that attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorders in children are linked to changes in the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood, and that irritability and aggressive behavior are linked to thyroid hormone levels and hypothyroidism. 

Dr. Raphael Kellman, MD, The Center for Progressive Medicine in New York, finds high rates of thyroid dysfunction in his autistic patients. He states that 90% of medical problems of both mother and child result from a lack of proper attention and testing of the thyroid and its functioning. Concentration of mercury in the pituitary and thyroid glands is usually much higher than that found in the kidney, brain, or liver tissues in humans. Evidence seems to indicate a drastic decrease in the production of thyroid hormones when mercury is in evidence. The problem is that the standard medical tests for thyroid function, even the newer TSH test, are totally inadequate. Low vitamin A status, that is rampant in these children, can lower TSH readings. Furthermore, the child is judged normal by adult ranges! One mother writes, “My son’s T4 is normal for an adult. I found a great article in CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (1999 Jul;45(7):1087-91) reporting a study done at Harvard by Zurakowski. It included scatter plots for several thousand kids for T4, T3, and TSH. There were separate plots for boys and girls. When I saw the plots it became obvious that my son’s T4 was quite low, yet the pediatric endocrinologist was unconcerned about my son’s T4 being below the 2 percentile for a boy his age.” Zinc supplementation can increase plasma levels of TSH and normalize T3 and fT4, and selenium is essential to convert T4 to T3. These minerals are universally lacking in these children. 

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) now says that a TSH level between 3.0 and 5.0 uU/ml should be considered suspect. This is a major reversal of the long held view that a person only has hypothyroidism if their TSH is above 5.0. This is the first time a conventional U.S. medical organization has acknowledged that the upper half of the TSH test’s normal range may not in fact be normal, but rather, evidence of developing hypothyroidism, or a level that is potentially able to cause hypothyroidism symptoms in patients.  

The total T4 and T3 measurements, being influenced by protein alterations, may not accurately represent thyroid function. The free or unbound portion (free T4 or fT4 and free T3 or fT3) more accurately represents what the body’s true thyroid hormone levels are. Levels of free hormone represent the active hormone available to react with cell receptors in the body. 

Additionally, in Hal Huggin’s book, Uninformed Consent, he speaks of mercury binding to iodine and ruining the quality of the thyroid hormone. On page 109, he states, “A person may have adequate levels of T3 and T4, but if the hormones are contaminated, for practical purposes, the person is functionally thyroid deficient.” Bilirubin can inhibit the transport of thyroid into the liver (invitro). Phenol-sulfotransferase is used to get rid of bilirubin, and PST is not working properly in most autistic children. A buildup of bilirubin will give a yellowish cast to the skin, which a few of the moms have mentioned. So, the one diagnosing must not rely on lab readings alone, but must carefully consider the presenting symptoms. In final analysis, the bottom line is, “Did the patient respond favorably to thyroid support?” “Even though a TSH level between 3.0 and 5.0 uU/ml is in the normal range, it should be considered suspect since it may signal a case of evolving thyroid underactivity.” (AACE Press Statement, January 18, 2001) There is a new saliva test for thyroid by Diagnos-Techs, Inc. (425) 251-0596. 

Once damage to the thyroid takes place it affects all the other organs—starting with digestion and absorption. Toxins start accumulating in the system. You can have an array of symptoms: Heart disease and its complications, high homocysteine levels, poor circulation (especially to the skin with as little as 20-40% of normal blood supply. This will give a pale face.), weight gain/weight loss, depending on the type of metabolism you had to begin with, no appetite or binge eating, bloating, fluid retention, skin problems (itching, eczema, psoriasis, acne, hives, and other skin eruptions, skin pallor or yellowing), aching joints, low blood pressure, high cholesterol, low libido, hair loss, and sensitivity to cold. The immune system starts to deteriorate because the necessary nutrients are not being absorbed. Repeated ear and urinary tract infections occur, and colds and upper respiratory infections are frequent. This leads to antibiotic use, creating a “leaky gut”, and destroying the essential bacteria, typically causing diarrhea. An extract of Echinacea three times a day in juice will usually enable the body to heal these infections, as will bovine colostrum, Ambrotose®, and Phyt•Aloe®. If you must take antibiotics, eat goat yogurt with it or supplement probiotics. That will reduce incidence of diarrhea by half, and protect against a Candida yeast take over. Candida, if allowed to proliferate, creates a multitude of debilitating symptoms. In a child, look for frequent infections, frequent diaper rash, continuous stuffy or runny nose, dark circles under eyes, hyperactivity, or poor attention span. All this results in an IgG imbalance (delayed food allergies), and opens the door to virus and parasite infestation. 

As regards hair loss, this is a frequent question. In addition to hypothyroidism, hair loss is one of the prime symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency, cadmium toxicity, Aspartame poisoning (drinking Diet Coke?), lysine deficiency, zinc deficiency (white spots on nails?), folic acid deficiency, hyperammonemia (too much ammonia), and fatty acid deficiency. Take your pick :-(. MSM also seems to cause hair loss when there is heavy metals poisoning, particularly mercury. 

Other symptoms of an underactive thyroid are: fatigue, constipation, depression, low body temperature, infertility, menstrual disorders—especially excessive and frequent bleeding contributing to iron deficiency, memory disturbances, concentration difficulties, paranoia, migraines, over-sleeping and/or the inability to sleep due to gastrointestinal discomforts, anemia, “laziness” (no motivation), muscle aches and or weaknesses (low muscle tone, and some are born that way), hearing disturbances (burning, prickly sensations, or noises in the head), slow reaction time and mental sluggishness, labored breathing, hoarseness, speech problems, brittle nails, and poor vision and/or light sensitivity. Iron deficiency decreases body temperature by decreasing norepinephrine and decreasing cellular oxygen, which contributes to the low-body-temperature problem in hypothyroidism. Infants and children with thyroid damage may suffer mental retardation, loss of hearing and speech, or deficits in motor skills. Anemia is frequent in hypothyroidism.  

All of Dr. Kellman’s autistic patient’s have a wide variety of these symptoms, and all have malabsorption causing deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. There are problems with the amino acids’ balance and stores. It has been shown that a deficiency of vitamin A and E, the amino acid cysteine, the minerals zinc, iodine, iron, and selenium, and of the antioxidant glutathione (which requires cysteine), and an excess of copper will adversely slow the thyroid function. Copper slows the thyroid while zinc increases thyroid action. Iron may be low because of blood loss in women and girls, insufficient intake, or deficiencies of minerals such as manganese, copper, or cobalt (vitamin B12), or B-vitamins, which are essential for iron utilization. Copper and iron work together to form hemoglobin and need to be supplemented together. Supplementing with either alone can lead to a deficiency of the other. Iron, manganese, zinc, and chromium are often deficient. Take 30-50 mg of zinc to increase thyroid production. Use of liquid zinc will likely be more effectively assimilated requiring lesser amounts. If rapid heartbeat is felt at night or early morning, decrease the zinc and supplement copper and other minerals. It is known that a vitamin A deficiency (Garcin & Higueret, 1977; Morley et al., 1978; Higueret & Garcin, 1984) or a protein deficiency (see Brasel, 1980) induces adverse changes in thyroid status. Those with a slow thyroid have difficulty in converting beta-carotene to vitamin A, so supplement with a preformed vitamin A, such as from fish oil.  

Most people with thyroid disease find that they have to supplement calcium and magnesium. Supplementing these minerals in the correct ratio can make a huge improvement in the symptoms. However, supplementing them in the wrong ratio can make symptoms worse. To further complicate the situation, the correct ratio of cal/mag changes as you recover from thyroid disease. To balance calcium and magnesium, keep these points in mind: a normal person needs a cal/mag ratio of about 2:1. A hyperthyroid condition needs more magnesium, and a hypothyroid needs more calcium, but these ratios need to be adjusted as you approach normalcy.  

An increased heart rate or an irregular heartbeat can be a sign of either too little calcium or too little magnesium; the key to knowing whether you need calcium or magnesium is the strength of the heartbeat, not the speed or the irregularity. It is magnesium and manganese that controls the fate of calcium and potassium in the cell. If magnesium is insufficient, calcium will enter the cell excessively causing spasms and cramps, and it will be deposited in the soft tissues (kidneys, arteries, joints, brain, etc.) leading to calcium and potassium loss in the urine. If the beat is too strong, take more magnesium, and if it’s too weak, increase the ratio of calcium to magnesium. It is interesting to note that a potassium deficiency and a vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) deficiency may have an effect on heart rate. A vitamin B5 deficiency has similar effects to a calcium deficiency, and a potassium deficiency can create an irregular heartbeat. Excess copper (as in hypothyroidism) raises sodium and lowers potassium and manganese tissue levels. Excess copper, by displacing zinc and manganese, is often associated with pancreatic dysfunction. Carnitine will conserve calcium, magnesium, and potassium, and may reduce heart arrhythmias and fatigue. Many studies show that magnesium suppresses the sympathetic function, while potassium stimulates parasympathetic activity. 

During hyperthyroidism, magnesium is low and calcium is high. This imbalance is the result of other mineral imbalances (copper, zinc, iron, manganese), but the effects on the heart rate are the direct effect of a calcium/magnesium imbalance. This can be demonstrated by taking a magnesium supplement. This intake of more magnesium by one who is hyper will slow the heart rate temporarily. However, the body can’t maintain normal magnesium levels if copper is low. So until copper is replenished, extra magnesium is needed to control the rapid heart rate (low copper tends to a hyperactive thyroid).  

The key to understanding the effects of calcium and magnesium on the heart is this: calcium is needed for muscles to contract and magnesium is needed for muscles to relax, but depending on whether hyper or hypo, both have the same effect on heart rate. A weak heart rate means that calcium is deficient and the contraction phase is weak and short. This results in an increase in heart rate and also an irregular heartbeat because some contractions are missed entirely. Contrast this to a magnesium deficiency where the heart rate is increased and irregular because some of the relaxations are missed. It is the strength of the heartbeat, and not the speed and irregularity that is the key. Remember that balancing calcium and magnesium won’t correct thyroid problems. You’ll need to correct the other minerals like copper, zinc, iron, selenium, chromium, and manganese to achieve this. Calcium and magnesium get out of balance because of these other nutritional problems. However, getting your calcium/magnesium balance corrected is essential for normalizing heart rate, preventing dental decay and osteoporosis, and preventing muscle cramps (too little magnesium).  

Zinc can have adverse health effects at a daily dosage as low as 50 mg per day. Studies on zinc supplementation show that this or higher levels can significantly lower High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), copper, and super oxide dismutase [SOD] levels in just 14 days. Calcium significantly inhibits the absorption of almost all other minerals and trace elements by a factor of up to 60-70%. So, you could buy a very good form of chelated zinc and the absorption will be very low because of the calcium filler. Ninety percent of these products contained a level of calcium between 600-1,000 mg that is not disclosed on the label of the bottle. Avoid all mineral tablets that show an excipient of di-calcium phosphate. Take all minerals other than a multivitamin/mineral on an empty stomach for best absorption and effectiveness, and take zinc and magnesium 30 minutes before bedtime, preferably with the EPO/CLO for maximum effectiveness. Taking zinc will increase the metabolic rate, so if one is hyperthyroid, taking a large amount of zinc just before bed may cause a very restless night. Should this occur take zinc early in the day, and take copper at night. 

Selenium is very important for normal thyroid function. It may become deficient if there are excessive amounts of toxic metals being ingested. The more mercury or other toxic metals ingested, the more selenium you’ll need. Two things tend to deplete selenium stores: increased fatty acid intake, especially transfats, and mercury that uses up selenium for detoxification. Studies show that a deficiency of selenium causes the body to increase the conversion of T4 to T3, which can lead to higher levels of T3. This has been frequently confirmed in children with autism, and chelating when selenium is already low has driven T3 levels to excessive highs. Adults take 200-600 mcg of selenium per day (Children can use 1/3 to 1/2 as much based on age). Always take selenium with vitamin E. Start by taking 100 mcg per day, and gradually increase the amount as seems right based on amount of mercury in the mouth. Don’t take over 600 mcg. Some may be so deficient in minerals that they are close to becoming hyperthyroid. If experiencing nighttime rapid heart beat, then you are close to becoming hyper and should supplement minerals, especially copper. Acta Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis Vol 72, 1-2, 1967 reports a relationship between pyridoxine (B6) and the thyroid gland. Individual’s who are suffering from a condition of hyperthyroidism appear to need more pyridoxine than normal people. The result is that there is a derangement in the way the body uses pyridoxine when the thyroid gland is disordered.  

Opioids have been shown to decrease hepatic glutathione. Low levels of glutathione have been demonstrated in autism. Dermorphin and other opioid-like peptides inhibit TSH output tending to hypothyroidism, and change other hormonal output affecting in particular the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical. This creates chemical imbalances resulting in neurotransmitting problems.  

Pancreatic function was significantly reduced in patients with hypothyroidism compared with healthy subjects. Treatment with th